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The bow served as the dominant weapon in ancient Chinese combat, and mastering its use was regarded as a vital military and ritual skill for thousands of years. Over the centuries, archers were used as infantry, chariot riders and cavalry. Although the significance of this weapon was challenged by the sword and crossbow, it continued to be an essential part of a commander's strategy on the battlefield, particularly during initial maneuvers, withdrawals and city defenses.
Today, it takes only three days to test vehicles in dangerous scenarios that traditional testing needed half a year. This is because of the creation of a 'limitless' testing environment for autonomous driving vehicles in a limited physical space by Zhao Xiangmo, president of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology and professor at Chang'an University (CHU), and his team.
In 2025, the integration of technological and industrial innovation was no longer an abstract concept in policy documents, but a vibrant practice spreading across the country.
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has urged efforts to leverage the country's comparative advantages, pursue progress while maintaining stability, and promote continuous breakthroughs in the development of industries of the future.
The world's first commercial supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power generator, Chaotan One, has recently begun commercial operation in Liupanshui, Guizhou province. The generator was developed by the Nuclear Power Institute of China (NPIC) of the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), and its partners.
Once eroded by wild wind and sand, the Hexi Corridor is now a modern agricultural region using local conditions to its best advantage, and in the process growing a number of crops popular with consumers. The boundless desolation has transformed into a farmland that nurtures hope.
This ongoing strengthened strategic orientation has also boosted the confidence of entrepreneurs, according to Science and Technology Daily (S&T Daily) interviews with many business leaders. It is envisaged that during the 15th FYP period (2026-2030), enterprises will feature more prominently in the national innovation system, leading to breakthroughs in key technologies and exploration of emerging fields.
In 2025, China once again enjoyed a bumper year of scientific and technological innovation, with major sci-tech achievements emerging one after another. China has become one of the economies with the fastest-growing innovation capacity in the world.
Constructed by China First Highway Engineering Co., Ltd. (CFHEC), the successful completion of this major infrastructure project, conquering the world-class challenge of a shield-tunnelling machines rendezvous beneath the mighty Yangtze's riverbed, despite being confronted with high water pressure and highly permeable strata, is a defining breakthrough in modern engineering.
Qimin Yaoshu (Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People) is the most complete ancient Chinese agricultural text, written by Jia Sixie during the Northern Wei Dynasty (533-544 AD). As one of the most important works in the history of world agriculture, it has exerted a lasting influence on agricultural practices.
Rivers are both the arteries of Earth and vital channels of economic development. China's State Council Information Office held a press briefing on January 5, reviewing 10 years of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, in which ecological protection and high-quality growth have advanced in tandem.
With the explosion of AI, the demand for computing power has grown exponentially. However, ground data centers, being constrained by energy consumption and heat dissipation, are facing increasingly severe development bottlenecks.
Jinan in eastern China is called the "City of Springs" for its roughly 1,200 natural artesian springs. However, its karst geology also makes it one of the most fragile environments for underground construction. It took more than 30 years to construct subway lines in the city while protecting its springs, from conception to reality.
In 2025, China made great strides in transforming agricultural innovation to actual productive forces, with sci-tech innovation in agriculture becoming a crucial support system for rural revitalization.
To conquer the challenge of mining coal seams with a thickness of less than 1.3 meters, an R&D team led by Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology (USTH) has developed an intelligent mining system of extremely thin coal seams at a depth of over a kilometer underground.
In 2025, China's agricultural sector brimmed with innovative vitality. Breeding innovations continuously broke high-yield records, and smart agriculture accelerated the reconstruction of production models, promoting a deep transformation of agricultural production from "experience-driven" to "technology-driven."
Since the start of China's 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025), the country has deepened its reform of the mechanism of applying sci-tech achievements in real-world practices, improved policy support and market services, and achieved steady growth in both the scale and quality of applied scientific and technological outcomes, according to a State Council report submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation on December 22.
AI glasses, robotic pets, and foldable smartphones — these innovative Chinese tech products have become increasingly popular purchases with foreign tourists in China.
On December 17, Xueying 601, also known as Snow Eagle 601, China's first polar fixed-wing plane, carried out aerial surveys, its first scientific research task during the country's 42nd Antarctic expedition. Xueying 601's air routes, with the Zhongshan Station as the core and covering more than 20 domestic and international expedition stations, have built an air corridor for Antarctica.
From the innovation of humanoid robots to the rise of intelligent connected vehicles, and the establishment of a commercial spaceflight ecosystem, a series of practices are transforming cutting-edge technologies into productive forces all over China.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has sent a congratulatory letter to the Science and Technology Daily on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of its founding.
This year spending has seen a big splurge on tech goods, with AI glasses, AI toys and other products that were once "niche and pioneering" now finding their way onto many consumers' festival shopping lists.
